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Contents & Abstracts of Dec, 2006 (Volume 2, Issue 2)
Review Articles
2. GROWTH HORMONE GENE AS A MARKER FOR IMPROVED ECONOMIC TRAITS IN CATTLE — ARUNA PAL, PARESH NATH CHATTERJEE, RIPUSUDAN KUMAR AND ARJAVA SHARMA. pp. 8-14
Research Articles
3. COW URINE EFFICACY AGAINST STEM BORERS AND COST BENEFIT IN SOYBEAN PRODUCTION — GARIMA GUPTA AND SHRI RAM YADAV. pp. 15-17
4. EFFECT OF HOUSING SYSTEMS AND SPRINKLING WATER ON PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION PERFORMANCES OF CROSSBRED DAIRY COW — P THIRUMURUGAN AND PC SASEENDRAN. pp. 18-22
5.
CHEMICAL, MICROBIAL COMPOSITION AND
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF MODIFIED PANCHAGAVYA — R
Short Communications
15. CALF TYPE (JUVENILE) SPORADIC BOVINE LEUKOSIS IN A
General Articles
16. LAMENESS IN COWS: WHAT’S NEW TO
PREVENT IT?
— RAJESH KUMAR
BANGA. pp. 67-70
17. INDIGENOUS CATTLE BREED- THARPARKAR
— LOKESH SINGHAL AND RS
CHAUHAN. pp.
71 _________________________**************************************************************__________________________ ABSTRACTS _________________________**************************************************************__________________________ International Journal of Cow Science, 2(2): 1-7 (Dec., 2006)
ADVANCES IN DIAGNOSIS OF LEPTOSPIROSIS IN LIVESTOCK: AN EMERGING ZOONOTIC DISEASE IN HUMANS
ABSTRACT Leptospirosis is an emerging zoonotic disease in
animals and human beings caused by pathogenic bacteria, the genus Leptospira interrogans. Transmission to humans is
mainly bycontact with urine of domestic and wild animal reservoirs. Early
diagnosis and confirmation by‘gold standard tests’ suggested by Office
International des Epizootis (OIE) facilitates the clinicalmanagement and
treatment of infected cattle at appropriate time and prevention of spread
byurine of infected animals to the animal handlers, veterinarian etc. In
recent years, antigen detectionand antibody detection by dark-field
microscopy (DFM), microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and molecular
techniques (PCR) are the widely accepted techniques in diagnosis of
leptospirosis.
International Journal of Cow Science, 2(2): 8-14 (Dec., 2006)
Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122 (UP)
ABSTRACT Molecular markers have been developed for selection since it can utilize the entire genomic DNA, uncover genetic variation at the nucleotide level, abundantly located, numerous, can be studied irrespective of age and sex, and moreover for its analysis, samples can be collected from any body tissue. When used as Marker Assisted selection, genetic response obtained is more than the conventional selection and it can be applied at early age of life. Growth hormone has remarkable role in growth, reproduction and production and thus the polymorphism of growth hormone gene and its association with above economic traits can be used as marker. The studies conducted by various workers depicts that GH gene can be used as as candidate gene for improving both prenatal and postnatal growth, reproductive traits and milk production including milk yield as well as various milk compositions. Thus the association of the genetic variants of growth hormone gene can be utilized as a marker for future breeding purpose, provided the marker is transmitted from generation to generation. Future research should be focused on to establish it as a marker using various animal breeding models for QTL analysis, where more number of animals need to be studied for generations.
International Journal of Cow Science, 2(2): 15-17 (Dec., 2006)
COW URINE EFFICACY AGAINST STEM BORERS AND COST BENEFIT IN SOYBEAN PRODUCTION
GARIMA GUPTA AND SHRI RAM YADAV Department of Entomology,
ABSTRACT Field trials were conducted in kharif
season for evaluating cow urine efficacy against stem borers and cost
benefit in soybean production in comparison to conventional insecticide
(chlorpyrifos) and biopesticide (Dipel). Spraying of chemicals was done
three times (30, 50 and 70 days after sowing) during the experimental
period. Observations on percent infestation of girdle beetle and stem fly
was recorded. The plant infestation of Girdle beetle, Obereopsis brevis, was significantly reduced in
lower concentrations of cow urine (15, 10 and 5%) treated plots at 7 days
after third spray. Stem fly, Melanagromyza
sozae, infestation was significantly less at higher levels of cow
urine (75 and 100%) than control. There was reduction in percent stem
tunneling in almost all levels of cow urine, Chlorpyrifos and Dipel. The
yield data indicates that cow urine at 25, 50 and 75% concentration and
Chlorpyrifos have significantly higher yield than control. Highest cost
benefit ratio (1: 18.9) was obtained from cow urine 5%. However, highest
additional yield value of Rs. 6520 per hectare was obtained with cow urine
50%.
International Journal of Cow Science, 2(2): 18-22 (Dec., 2006) EFFECT OF HOUSING SYSTEMS AND SPRINKLING WATER ON PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION PERFORMANCES OF CROSSBRED DAIRY COW
P THIRUMURUGAN AND PC SASEENDRAN Faculty of Veterinary Science and AH,
RS Pura, Jammu-181 102,
ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted to find out the effect of housing systems and sprinkling water on crossbred cow during summer season of Kerala. Twelve early lactating cows were put into four groups of three each and were randomly allotted to four treatments viz: loose house with sprinkler (T1), loose house without sprinkler (T2), tie-barn with sprinkler (T3) and tie-barn without sprinkler (T4). Mean maximum temperature at all the four treatment locations were lower (P<0.01) than the maximum temperature recorded at outside environment (35.45°C). Both within the tie-barn and within the loose house the mean maximum and minimum temperature and mean relative humidity at morning and afternoon did not differ (P>0.05) due to sprinkling of water. But the differences between the tie-barn and loose house were highly significant (P<0.01) and higher in the tie-barn for all these variables. Free ventilation prevailed at loose house was equally effective to that of cooling of cows by sprinkling with water in the tie-barn. Average daily milk yield of cows in T1 was significantly (P<0.01) higher than milk yield of cows in T2, T3 and T4. Milk total solids, SNF, fat and protein percentages did not vary between treatments. Sprinkling water in T1 and T3 encouraged feeding and rumination of cows during hot hours of the day and consumed significantly more feed. Water intake differed (P<0.01) between treatments and highest in the T4 (41.72 kg/d). Sprinkling of water in T1 and T3 increased the intensity and duration of oestrus and successful insemination rate. The results suggest that during summer season of Kerala state loose housing and sprinkling of water during hot hours of the day may be practiced to alleviate heat stress and prevent drop in milk production and fertility rate.
International Journal of Cow Science, 2(2): 23-26 (Dec., 2006)
CHEMICAL, MICROBIAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF MODIFIED PANCHAGAVYA
R Namakkal-637 001, Tamil
ABSTRACT Panchagavya was prepared, fermented for 10, 20, 30 and 40 days and analysed for its chemical, microbial composition and antibacterial activity. The result revealed that the crude protein content of panchagavya was ranged from 7.72 to 7.83 percent in different period of fermentation. The ether extracts level was found to be in the range of 6.32 to 6.53 percent. The pH of the panchagavya sample was lowered to 4.52 from 5.32 at 10 to 30 days of fermentation. The total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) were higher at 30 days of fermentation. Acetate, propionate and butyrate levels in panchagavya were ranged from 60.05 to 68.28, 14.39 to 17.79 and 6.40 to 7.65 percent, respectively, during the period from 10 to 40 days of fermentation. Lactobacillus count was increased from 8.62 at 10 days of fermentation to 8.71 log10 cfu/g at 30 days of fermentation. The results revealed that panchagavya did not have direct antibacterial activity against micro-organisms. It was concluded that panchagavya at 30 days of age recorded better proposition of chemical and microbial composition favourable for utilization as a growth promoter and panchagavya did not have direct antibacterial activity.
International Journal of Cow Science, 2(2): 27-28 (Dec., 2006)
PATHOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS OF GLOMERULONEPHRITIS IN INDIGENOUS CATTLE IN RAJASTHAN
SK BANSIWAL, H DADHICH AND RAKHI KHANNA
International Journal of Cow Science, 2(2): 29-33 (Dec., 2006)
CRYOSURGICAL DISBUDDING IN CROSSBRED
CALVES R SHARMA, PH TANK, MY MANKAD, KM
PANCHAL1, AJ DHAMI2 AND DB PATIL Anand Agricultural University, Anand,
Gujarat-388 001 (
ABSTRACT The liquid nitrogen cryotherapy was evaluated for cryosurgical disbudding in sixty clinically healthy crossbred calves of either sex, aging between 03 to 07 weeks, at -10°C or -20°C cryofreezing using overlapping freezing-thawing and double cycles of freezing followed by thawing, with or without the use of anaesthesia. Six calves each were used for evaluation of two different modalities at two different levels of cryofreezing with or without the use of anaesthesia. Ketoprofen @ 2 mg/kg body weight, i/m was given as preemptive analgesia. The calves were sedated additionally using Xylazine @ 0.2 mg/kg body weight, i/m. Later, under cornual nerve blockade the calves were subjected to cryofreezing as per experimental design. The horn buds showed progressive tendency of drying and sloughing, which later got detached from the site around 28- 30 days following cryosurgical disbudding indicating a complete healing. The animals subjected to -20°C cryofreezing using overlapping freezing-thawing modality showed comparatively lower rate of recurrence.
International Journal of Cow Science, 2(2): 34-40 (Dec., 2006)
PHYSICO-BIOCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES OF SEMEN AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIPS IN TRIPLE CROSSBRED (HF X J X K) BULLS
RUPESH J RAVAL AND AJ DHAMI Anand Agricultural University,
Anand-388 001,
ABSTRACT Semen ejaculates (32) of 4 mature triplebred (25% HF x 25% J x 50% Kankrej) bulls collected at weekly interval during winter were used to study seminal characteristics as well as seminal plasma biochemical and enzymatic profile and their interrelationships. The mean ejaculate volume, mass activity (score 0-5), sperm concentration, individual sperm motility, live sperm and abnormal sperm recorded were 3.88±0.16 ml, 3.73±0.06, 999.06±16.14 million/ml, 84.00±1.02 %, 86.28±0.97 % and 8.28±0.44 %, respectively. The average seminal plasma content of GOT, GPT, AKP, total protein, total cholesterol, calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium was 189.11±6.29 IU/L, 82.53±4.29 IU/L, 718.94±24.27 IU/L, 6.95±0.34 g/dl, 42.77±2.87 mg/dl, 21.26±0.56 mg/dl, 44.16±1.30 mg/dl and 2.89±0.06 mEq/L, respectively. The bulls varied significantly (P<0.05) in their ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, abnormal sperm per cent, seminal plasma total protein, total cholesterol, GPT, calcium and magnesium levels. Moreover, the ejaculate volume had significant positive correlation (P<0.01) with abnormal spermatozoa (r=0.41); mass activity with the initial motility (r=0.81), abnormal sperm (r=-0.46) and plasma total protein (r=0.50); live sperm percentage with initial motility (r=0.54), abnormal sperm (r=-0.60) and plasma cholesterol (r=0.36); initial motility with abnormal sperm (r=-0.59) and plasma GPT (r=0.34) and sperm concentration with seminal plasma GPT, total protein and magnesium levels (r=-0.43, -0.46, -0.39). Seminal plasma GOT activity was significantly (P<0.01) correlated with plasma GPT, total protein, total cholesterol and magnesium concentrations (r=0.46, 0.39, 0.36, 0.39, resp), while GPT activity had significant correlations only with plasma protein and magnesium contents (r=0.64, 0.60), and magnesium with total protein and calcium levels (r=0.65, 0.39). Plasma AKP and inorganic phosphorus levels did not show significant correlations with any of the physico-biochemical attributes studied. Semen quality of all 4 triplebred bulls was optimum and its’ biochemical profile was within normal physiological limit.
International Journal of Cow Science, 2(2): 41-43 (Dec., 2006)
AMELIORATION STRATEGIES AGAINST BOVINE FLUOROSIS
SR UPADHYAY, S ROY1, PRABHAKAR KUMAR1
AND
ABSTRACT Twelve fluorotic bovines (diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs and plasma fluoride level) were randomly selected and divided in to two groups i.e. A and B. The animals in group A were treated with calcium borogluconate @ of 450 ml per animal (450 kg) intravenously daily for 5 days where as of group B with calcium carbonate @ 100 mg per kg body weight orally, daily for 30 days. Blood samples of animals from group A were collected on day 0 and 6 of treatment where as of group B on day 0, 10, 20 and 30 of treatment and were analysed for fluoride, calcium, phosphorus and ALP. The therapeutic efficacies of chemicals were judged on the basis of clinical recovery and improvement in the altered plasma biochemical parameters of the treated animals. On overall basis calcium borogluconate was found to be better than calcium carbonate because apart from restoring the altered plasma biochemical parameters, few animals also shows the tendency to put weight on affected limbs moreover the time required in restoring the altered plasma biochemical parameters by the later was more.
International Journal of Cow Science, 2(2): 44-47 (Dec., 2006)
CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL LESIONS AND COMPARATIVE THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY ON CLINICAL CASES OF TRICHOPHYTON VERRUCOSUM INFECTION IN CROSS-BRED COW CALVES
RG JANI AND PR PATEL
ABSTRACT The present study indicated the
incidence of dermatophytosis during winter season in crossbred calves of
the age group of 4 to 16 months. The incidence was found higher in female
calves (73.08%) as compared to male calves (26.92%). Trichiphyton verrucosum was isolated from the
clinical cases. Presence of ectoparasites along with T. verrucosum indicated the possible spread of
fungi by ectoparasites. The symptomatological study indicated typically
ringworm regions. The average numbers of lesion were recorded 12.52 per
calf. Lesions were found more on face, dewlap, wither and thorax part of
the body. Haematological study revealed significant decrease in
haemoglobin level and leucocytosis with neutropenia and lymphocytosis. As
compared to the sulphur ointment use of Whitfield early recovery from
clinical cases. The other effective drugs were found himax and sulphur
ointment. The Annona squamosa oil was not effective in cure of dermatophytosis.
International Journal of Cow Science, 2(2): 48-51 (Dec., 2006)
ESTIMATION OF ALLELIC FREQUENCY OF k-CASEIN AND b-LACTOGLOBULIN GENES IN BOS INDICUS CATTLE BREEDS
SHUBHA DADHICH, RK PATEL1, KJ SONI1, KM
SINGH1 AND JB CHAUHAN1 Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan
ABSTRACT A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism test was performed on DNA extracted from blood samples of Bos indicus cattle breeds to estimate allelic frequency of the bovine kappa casein and beta-lactoglobulin gene responsible for milk production traits. A 350 bp fragment of kappa casein and 247 bp fragment for beta-lactoglobulin were amplified and digested with Hinf I and Hae III restriction enzymes, respectively. Two types of alleles A and B and three types of genotypes AA, BB and AB for kappa casein and beta-lactoglobulin were observed. In present study, the allelic frequency for B allele was found double (0.662) than A allele (0.338) for beta-lactoglobulin. Similarly allelic frequency for A allele was three and half times more than B allele for kappa-casein in Bos indicus cattle population. These genotypes are useful markers for milk production traits on which bull can be evaluated and selected for future breeding programmes.
International Journal of Cow Science, 2(2): 52-59 (Dec., 2006)
EFFECT OF CHALLENGE FEEDING DURING SUMMER ON THE PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL, METABOLIC AND HORMONAL PROFILE OF CROSSBRED LACTATING COWS
AJ Anand Agricultural University,
Anand–388110,
ABSTRACT Lactating triple crossbred cows (18)
with an average of 20-30 days postpartum period were randomly allocated to
3 groups each of 6 animals looking to their parity, body weight, daily
milk yield and fat content in milk, and were fed individually as per the
ICAR (1998). Animals of Group-I were fed 10 kg green cowpea, 20 kg green
sorghum/maize and 4 kg dry baled grasses plus compounded concentrate
mixture (Amul Dan) @ 33 % of their milk production (apart from 1 kg for
maintenance) and coarsely ground maize @ 1.0, 1.5 and 2.25 kg for cows
producing daily < 8.0, 8-12 and >12.0 kg milk, respectively, with
water showering at least 6 times each of 5 minutes duration between 12.30
and 3.30 PM. Animals of Group-II were fed as in group-I, but without water
showering, while Group-III served as farm control (fed daily 10 kg green
cowpea, 15 kg green sorghum/maize and 2 kg dry baled grasses plus Amul Dan
@ 50 % of their milk production without water showering). The observations
on body weight, daily milk yield, fat content in milk and the feed intake
were recorded at weekly, while jugular blood samples were collected at
fortnightly intervals for estimating the plasma profile of certain
hormones, enzymes, metabilities and biochemical constituents. Intervals
for first estrus and fertile estrus postpartum were also recorded. DM
intake and gain in body weight were little better with production of 400
gm more milk daily in animals under challenge feeding groups as compared
to farm control, although the fat content in milk was significantly higher
in control group. Challenge feeding neither influenced the plasma
progesterone and cortisol profile nor ALP activity, but the levels of
transaminases (AST, ALT) were lower particularly in water showered group
as compared to farm control. Blood glucose and triglyceride levels were
significantly (P<0.01) higher and plasma total protein and BUN lower in
challenge feeding groups as compared to farm control. However, plasma
total cholesterol and phosphorus contents were significantly lower and
calcium content higher in animals under challenge feeding groups,
particularly with water showering, as compared to farm control, but the
magnesium levels did not vary between them. Further there was an apparent
reduction in the interval for first oestrus postpartum by 35 and 55 days
in animals under challenge feeding with and without water showering,
respectively, as compared to farm control group, and thereby the service
period by 40 days. Thus it was inferred that challenge feeding together
with supplementation of energy and water showering during peak hours of
summer stress has beneficial effect towards maintaining optimum
homeostasis of various blood constituents and thereby improving the
productive and reproductive efficiency of lactating crossbred cows.
International Journal of Cow Science, 2(2): 60-61 (Dec., 2006)
A COMPARISON OF SOMATIC CELL COUNTS IN
MILK FROM RATHI AND
AK KATARIA AND N KATARIA Rajasthan Agricultural University,
Bikaner-334001 (Rajasthan)
ABSTRACT A brief study was undertaken to count somatic cells in the quarter milk samples in Rathi cattle native to western part of Rajasthan and exotic Holstein Friesian (HF) cows as an indirect index of subclinical mastitis. A lower number of somatic cells were recorded in Rathi as compared to HF cattle denoting adaptability of Rathi cattle to desert environs and natural resistance towards infections.
International Journal of Cow Science, 2(2): 62-63 (Dec., 2006)
ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT OF POST-PARTUM
PERIOD TO OPTIMIZE PROFITS IN PURE
GK MISHRA, HJ DERASHRI AND JA PATEL AND
VP BELSARE Anand Agricultural University, Anand –
388001.
ABSTRACT Reproductive efficiency in dairy cattle is of utmost importance in a profitable dairy farming. Early maturity, high fertility, short dry period / short service period and early post-partum conception are the factors of great economic values in dairy industry. In the present study 24 Holstein Friesian cows were selected. In these cows, antibiotic treatment and hormonal and herbal supplementations were given post-partum. Out of these, 6 cows were in control (Gr-I, without any treatment) group and 18 cows were under three treatment groups (Gr-II, Gr-III and Gr-IV). The average milk production of control and treatment group’s animals was twelve liters per day. Total maintenance cost was calculated up to service period in both control and treatment groups and finally economics is calculated.
International Journal of Cow Science, 2(2): 64-66 (Dec., 2006)
CALF TYPE (JUVENILE) SPORADIC BOVINE
LEUKOSIS IN A
ERTAN ORUÇ Veterinary Control and Research
Institute, 42080, Meram,
ABSTRACT Multisystemic enlargement of lymph
nodes and some parenchymal organs were observed in 7 months old
International Journal of Cow Science, 2(2): 67-70 (Dec., 2006)
RAJESH KUMAR BANGA Department of Preclinical Studies.
E.mail: rbanga@sgu.edu
ABSTRACT After mastitis and reproductive failure, lameness is the most important problem in cows. Lameness not only causes economic loss to farmers but is also an important animal welfare issue. There are a large number of factors contributing to lameness in cattle. Nutrition and feeding, housing and environment, concurrent disease, genetic makeup, and management are some of the main predisposing factors to foot problems. The most frequent causes of lameness are: laminitis, claw disease, digital dermatitis, and foot rot. A proper understanding of lameness conditions in terms of what they are, how or why they occur, and what to do with them is essential to minimize production losses as well as the loss of cows from lameness and related problems.
International Journal of Cow Science, 2(2): 71 (Dec., 2006)
INDIGENOUS CATTLE BREED- THARPARKAR
LOKESH SINGHAL AND RS
CHAUHAN
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