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Contents & Abstracts of June, 2006 (Volume 2, Issue 1) Review Articles 1. REPRODUCTIVE PROBLEMS IN COWS DUE TO NUTRITIONAL MISMANAGEMENT: A REVIEW 1-5 JASWINDER SINGH AND PANKAJ PANDEY
2. Brucellosis in cattle: Diagnosis, zoonoses and economic importance 6-10 H Dadhich, R Khanna, ARS Moorthy and L Muniyappa
Research Articles 3. Risk factors for cow-related injuries among small scale cow farmers in Kampala, 11-13 Uganda Richard Mugwanya Kabuusu, Bakama Bernard Bakamanume, Robert Kiyini
4. Antagonistic effects of Kamdhenu ark and its bioenhancing role with zinc in liver 14-18 of male Mus musculus (p) against Cadmium toxicity Asma Khan, Mubashir Nazir And Vinoy K. Srivastava
5. Effect of partial replacement of urea ammoniated wheat straw with urea 19-23 ammoniated Bagasse on intake and utilization of nutrients in crossbred (Holstein x Haryana) cattle bulls AK Garg, RK Tiwari and P Singh
6. Pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of subcutaneously administered 24-27 meloxicam in cross bred calves on coadministration with levofloxacin VK Dumka and AK Srivastava
7. Formaldehyde treated groundnut cake alter the dry matter intake, digestibility 28-33 of nutrients and efficiency in lactating cows CM Yadav and JL Chaudhary
8. Recovery of some important serotypes of E.coli from diarrhoeic and apparently 34-36 healthy calves in Palam valley of Himachal Pradesh Vinay Kumar Sharma, Mandeep Sharma, R C Katoch, Vipin Katoch and Prasenjit Dhar
9. Growth, production and reproduction performance of triplebred 37-39 (Kankrej X HF X Jersey) cattle in Gujarat AJ Dhami, BC Parmar, MM Trivedi, JS Arya and JM Patel
10. BOVINE SUB CLINICAL MASTITIS: PREVALENCE AND TREATMENT WITH HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINE 40-44 ANSHU SHARMA, PREM DHINGRA, BL PANDER AND RAKESH KUMAR
11. Immunomodulatory effects of cow urine on dimethoate induced 45-48 immunotoxicity in avian lymphocytes SONU AMBWANI, TANUJ AMBWANI, LOKESH SINGHAL and RS CHAUHAN
12 DISPOSITION KINETICS OF CEFEPIME FOLLOWING SINGLE DOSE INTRAMUSCULAR 49-51 ADMINISTRATION IN CALVES UD PATEL, KZ PATANI, SK BHAVSAR AND AM THAKER
13. INVESTIGATION ON BOVINE MASTITIS CAUSED BY STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS 52-53 BC PARMAR, M PAL, AJ DHAMI and JM PATEL
Short Communication 14. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN SACCO NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY OF SOME TREE LEAVES 54-55 HIMANSHU PANDEY, VIR SINGH, PRASOON CHAND SAXENA, RIPUSUDAN KUMAR AND PN Chaterjee
15. COMPARISON OF DAS-ELISA WITH OTHER CONVENTIONAL TESTS FOR DIAGNOSIS OF 56-58 STAPHYLOCOCCAL SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS IN COWS Arun Kumar Jain, Parveen Goel, Anshu Sharma, Ravindra Sharma and Ashok Kumar
16. DIGESTIBILTIY OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF TOTAL MIXED RATION ON THE GROWING CROSSBRED 59-60 HEIFERS PC SAXENA, SS CHAUHAN, HIMANSHU PANDEY, RIPUSUDAN KUMAR AND ASHOK KUMAR
General Articles 17. HARMFUL EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES AND THEIR CONTROL THROUGH COWPATHY 61-70 (click here to download Full Text version of this paper for free as .pdf) R S CHAUHAN AND LOKESH SINGHAL _________________________**************************************************************__________________________ ABSTRACTS _________________________**************************************************************__________________________ International Journal of Cow Science, 2(1): 1-5 REVIEW ARTICLE REPRODUCTIVE PROBLEMS IN COWS DUE TO NUTRITIONAL MISMANAGEMENT: A REVIEW JASWINDER SINGH AND PANKAJ PANDEY Apollo College of Veterinary Medicine, Jaipur-302015, Rajasthan, India Abstract Improper nutrition and feeding practices directly or indirectly affect the reproductive performance of the animal. Most, if not all, the reproductive problems encountered at the field level are due to imbalanced nutrition of the animals. This reproductive failure leads to a big economic loss to the dairy farmers. Energy protein imbalance, deficiencies of minerals, and vitamins, are the main contributor to infertility and poor reproductive performance hence these are discussed in the present article. Keywords: Nutrition, reproductive performance, minerals, energy, protein. International Journal of Cow Science, 2(1): 6-10 REVIEW ARTICLE Brucellosis in Cattle: diagnosis, zoonoses and economic importance H Dadhich1, R Khanna2, ARS Moorthy3 and L Muniyappa3 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University P.O. Box 34, Debre zeit, Ethiopia
Abstract The discovery and identification of the bacteria now grouped in the genus Brucella were important steps in the development of knowledge concerning the complex disease of human and animals now known as Brucellosis. The isolation and identification of Brucella abortus was carried out from aborted bovine fetuses and foetal membranes by the Danish veterinarian, Frederick Bang in year 1897 (Jones et al., 1997). Key words: Brucellosis, Brucella abortus, diagnosis, zoonosis International Journal of Cow Science, 2(1): 11-13 RESEARCH ARTICLE RISK FACTORS FOR COW-RELATED INJURIES AMONG SMALL SCALE COW FARMERS IN KAMPALA, UGANDA Richard Mugwanya Kabuusu, Bakama Bernard Bakamanume1 and Robert Kiyini2 St. Georges University, School of Veterinary Medicine Department of Paraclinical Studies, Grenada, West Indies Abstract An objective of the study was to identify risk factors associated with cow-related injury among small scale cow farmers in Kampala, Uganda. Questionnaires were administered to 96 small scale cow farmers in 4 divisions of peri-urban Kampala. Odds ratios were calculated for statistically significant (p < 0.05) farmer behavioral characteristics. Risk factors for cow-related injury among small scale farmers included herding indigenous cows versus herding exotic breeds (OR= 2.1), being a male farmer versus being a female farmer (OR= 1.9), herding more than 5 cows versus herding 1 cow (OR= 1.3), safety behavior training versus lack of safety behavior training (OR= 1.3), 5-year experience with cows versus 10 years experience with cows (OR= 1.1), and semi-intensive versus intensive system (OR= 1). Small scale cow farming in Uganda is a very dangerous occupation and is aggravated by risk factors many of which are preventable or avoidable. Keywords: Unintentional, intentional, injury, risk, small-scale, farmers International Journal of Cow Science, 2(1): 14-18 RESEARCH ARTICLE ANTAGONISTIC EFFECTS OF KAMDHENU ARK AND ITS BIOENHANCING ROLE WITH ZINC IN LIVER OF MALE Mus musculus(P) AGAINST CADMIUM TOXICITY ASMA KHAN, MUBASHIR NAZIR1 AND VINOY K SRIVASTAVA Endocrinology Unit, Department of Biosciences Barkatullah University, Bhopal-462024, (Madhya Pradesh) India ABSTRACT Twenty-five sexually mature male mice Mus musculus weighing about 35±5 gms were divided into five groups of five each. Group I, served as control received balanced diet and tap water, while animals of other groups II, III, IV and V received i.p. a single dose of cadmium chloride (CdCl2, 0.005 mg / 0.01ml / 35±5 gms b. wt.). Alongwith this, group III, IV and V received ZnSO4 (100 ppm), Kamdhenu ark (K.A.) only and Kamdhenu ark + ZnSO4 respectively for 60 days through drinking water and histopathological studies were observed in liver of Mus musculus. Liver exposed to single injection of CdCl2 up to 60 days showed severe necrotic changes. While, animals exposed with a single injection of CdCl2 and 100 ppm of Zn up to 60 days showed less cellular damage in hepatocytes. However, the animal exposed with a single injection of CdCl2 and 100 ppm of kamdhenu ark up to 60 days showed recovery in hepatocytes characterized by normal cellular features with prominent nuclei. In connection this, similar effects were also noticed when the animals exposed to single injection of CdCl2, Zn and kamdhenu ark up to 60 days revealing normalcy of hepatocytes with no cellular disintegration in comparison to CdCl2 treated only. All these observations may suggests that KA has antagonistic effects against the cadmium toxicity in liver of Mus musculus and it also work as bioenhancer of Zn. Keywords: Kamdhenu ark (KA), Cow Urine Distillate, Liver, Histology, Cadmium International Journal of Cow Science, 2(1): 19-23 RESEARCH ARTICLE EFFECT OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF UREA AMMONIATED WHEAT STRAW WITH UREA AMMONIATED BAGASSE ON INTAKE AND UTILIZATION OF NUTRIENTS IN CROSSBRED (HOLSTEIN X HARYANA) CATTLE BULLS AK GARG, RK TIWARI1 AND P SINGH Animal Nutrition Division Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, UP, India Abstract Ten crossbred (Holstein X Haryana) cattle bulls of 327.9±10.5kg mean body weight were randomly divided in to two groups of five animals in each. While group I (control) was fed a complete feed having 50 parts of urea ammoniated wheat straw and 50 parts of concentrate mixture, in group II (experimental) animals were fed 25 parts, each of urea ammoniated wheat straw and urea ammoniated sugarcane bagasse, and 50 parts of concentrate mixture. Concentrate mixture in both the groups was similar, consisted of 20% maize grain, 45% wheat bran, 12% soybean meal, 20% molasses, 2% mineral mixture and 1% common salt. Experimental feeding was done for a period of 30 days followed by a 6 day metabolism trial. Proximate and fibre composition of both the complete feeds was comparable. The dry matter intake (DMI) in the two groups was similar (P>0.05) being 87.59 and 90.49g/kgW0.75 in group I and II, respectively. The digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, cellulose and hemi-cellulose and intake of digestible nutrients (DDM, DOM, DCP AND TDN) were also comparable (P>0.05) in the two groups. There was also no difference (P>0.05) in the balances of nitrogen, calcium and phosphors in the two groups. These results indicated that urea ammoniated bagasse can be safely fed up to 25% level in the complete diet of adult animals (replacing 50% of the urea ammoniated wheat straw) without any adverse affect on intake and utilization of the nutrients. Keywords: Crossbred cattle bulls, urea ammoniated wheat straw, urea ammoniated sugarcane bagasse, nutrient intake, digestibility of nutrients, balance of N, Ca, P International Journal of Cow Science, 2(1): 24-27 RESEARCH ARTICLE Pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of subcutaneously administered meloxicam in cross bred calves on coadministration with levofloxacin VK Dumka and AK Srivastava1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Veterinary Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, India ABSTRACT Pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of meloxicam were investigated in cross-bred calves after its single subcutaneous administration of 0.5 mg.kg-1 followed by intravenous injection of levofloxacin (4 mg.kg-1). The concentration of meloxicam in plasma and urine was estimated spectrophotometrically and the kinetic parameters were calculated by applying mono-compartment open model. The peak plasma drug concentration was attained at 4 h and minimum therapeutic plasma concentration was maintained from 0.5 to 16 h of administration. Slow absorption and limited tissue distribution was evident by the small values of absorption half-life (1.65±0.11 h) and Vdarea(0.07±0.003 L.kg-1). The elimination half-life and total body clearance were 10.3±0.27 h and 4.74±0.32 ml.kg-1.h-1, respectively. About 6% of the total administered drug was excreted in urine within 24 h. A suitable subcutaneous dosage regimen of meloxicam was calculated to be 0.6 mg.kg-1 followed by 0.5 mg.kg-1 at 24 h intervals when prescribed with levofloxacin in calves. The pharmacokinetics of meloxicam was significantly altered by concurrent administration of levofloxacin in calves. Keywords: Calves, dosage regimen, meloxicam, pharmacokinetics. International Journal of Cow Science, 2(1): 28-33 RESEARCH ARTICLE FORMALDEHYDE TREATED GROUNDNUT CAKE ALTER THE DRY MATTER INTAKE, DIGESTIBILITY OF NUTRIENTS AND EFFICIENCY IN LACTATING COWS CM YADAV AND JL CHAUDHARY Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology Udaipur-313 001, Rajasthan, India Abstract Fifteen lactating crossbred cows in early stage of lactation were divided into three groups of five animal each on the basis of milk yield (6.0 to 10.0 kg) and body weight (301 to 468 kg) and were allotted to three dietary treatments viz. T1 animals were given untreated GNC, while in treatment T2 and T3 FA treated @ 0.5 g FA/100 g CP and FA treated @ 1.0 g FA/100 g CP respectively as a source of protein in the concentrate mixture. All the animals were offered wheat straw (Triticum aestivum) ad lib + 5 kg green berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum). DMI and TDN intake per kg metabolic body size were significantly (P<0.05) affected by protected protein feeding. However, non-significant differences were observed between treatments for CPI and DCP intake per kg metabolic body size. The voluntary water intake and total water intake was significantly (P<0.01) higher in T3 as compared to T2 and T1. The digestibility coefficient of all nutrients except CF had non-significant variation between the treatments. However, CF digestibility was significantly (P<0.01) higher in T3 (64.58%) as compared to T2 (61.64%) and T1 (59.47%). Protein and energetic efficiency was not significantly influenced by three feeding treatments. Keywords: Formaldehyde, groundnut cake, nutrient digestibility, crossbred cows. International Journal of Cow Science, 2(1): 34-36 RESEARCH ARTICLE Recovery of some important serotypes of E.coli from diarrhoeic and apparently healthy calves in Palam valley of Himachal Pradesh VINAY KUMAR SHARMA1, MANDEEP SHARMA2, RC KATOCH2, VIPIN KATOCH2 and PRASENJIT DHAR2 CSK Himaachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062 (HP) Abstract Calf mortality has been a major concern in profitable livestock production. The calves are at high risk of mortality during the first few weeks of life. E. coli is a major bacterial pathogen incriminated with calf mortality either alone or in combination with other infectious agents. During present investigation, 13 isolates of E.coli recovered from rectal swabs accrued from 47 apparently healthy calves, belonged to 8 different serotypes. The serotype O8 was the most frequently encountered (48%). The 113 isolates of E.coli recovered from rectal swabs of 138 diarrhoeic calves could be classified into 35 serotypes. The serotypes among these were: O8(21.23 %), O171 (8.84%), untypable (7.96%), O101 and O20(6.19% each), )45, O48 and O50(3.53% each). More than one serotypes of E.coli were recorded from 21 rectal swabs. A shift in occurrence of E.coli serotypes was noticeable and serotypes O2,O44,O133, O149 and O152 evidenced around Palampur area in an earlier study were not recorded during present investigation. In the present study, the serotypes O14. O3O, O54, O74, O113, O142, O156, O159 and O171 recorded do not appear to have been documented in India so far. Key words: calves, E coli, serotypes International Journal of Cow Science, 2(1): 37-39 RESEARCH ARTICLE GROWTH, PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF TRIPLEBRED (KANKREJ X HF X JERSEY) CATTLE IN GUJARAT AJ DHAMI, BC PARMAR, MM TRIVEDI, JS ARYA AND JM PATEL Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 001, Gujarat, India ABSTRACT More than 350 triplebred female cattle having 50% Kankrej and 25% each of HF and Jersey inheritance have been developed by crossing JK females with HK bulls as well as inter-se mating of their progenies at Livestock Research Station, AAU, Anand over last 12 years to study their growth rate and productive as well as reproductive performance as crossbred dairy breed. The mean birth weight and body weight at 3, 6 and 12 months of age averaged 22.09±0.38, 55.51±1.39, 85.47±1.99 and 154.49±4.63 kg, respectively. The growth rate of heifers during 0-3, 3-6 and 6-12 months of age was 385.58±16.32, 364.23±19.07 and 390.37±22.31 g/day, respectively. The average age and weight at first breeding was 786.42±33.69 days and 234.72±5.06 kg, and the same at first calving were 1121.56±44.39 days and 321.95±3.31 kg, respectively. The average days open (service period) and calving interval were 123.76±7.89 and 405.88±12.42 days, respectively, with 1.56±0.10 services per conception. The mean lactation length and milk yield averaged 310.22±5.07 days and 2133.98±86.96 kg, respectively, with 4.36±0.04 % fat in milk. Wet and herd average was 7.15±0.18 and 5.68±0.17 kg, respectively. The growth, production and reproduction performances of inter-se mated triplebred cattle were little lower as compared to their F1 counterparts. The overall performance of triplebred cattle developed seems promising under climate of middle Gujarat. Key words: Growth, Production, Reproduction, Triplebred (KFJ) cattle. International Journal of Cow Science, 2(1): 40-44 RESEARCH ARTICLE BOVINE SUB CLINICAL MASTITIS: PREVALENCE AND TREATMENT WITH HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINE ANSHU SHARMA1, PREM DHINGRA1, BL PANDER1 AND RAKESH KUMAR2 CCS Hisar Agricultur University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India ABSTRACT A total of 423 quarters of 109 apparently healthy lactating crossbred cows (Sahiwal x Jersey) were screened for sub-clinical mastitis. Of these, 40 cows (36.69%) and 71 (16.78 %) quarters were found culturally positive. As per the International Dairy Federation criterion, 58 (13.71%) were found to suffer from sub clinical mastitis. Relative frequency of various micro-organisms among 60 isolates, from the 58 apparently healthy quarters revealed isolation of Staphylococcus epidermidis (28) Staphylococcus aureus (22), Streptococcus agalactiae (6), Streptococcus dysgalactiae(3) and Streptococcus uberis (1) .Two quarters harbored mixed infection. Cows found positive for sub-clinical mastitis were divided into three groups on the basis of antimicrobial sensitivity towards penicillin and cloxacillin. As many as 80 per cent of the quarters treated with Vetclox plus in group I were bacteriologically negative five days after withdrawal of therapy, whereas 70.58 per cent of quarters revealed bacteriological cure in group II cows treated with Pendistrin SH. Corresponding figure for treatment with Mastacure TM in group III on day 5 post-treatment was recorded as 47.61 per cent However, on days 10 and 20 post-treatment, bacteriological cure rates in Mastacure TM treated quarters of group III were found to be increased to 57.14 per cent and 66.67 per cent respectively, whereas no change in bacteriological cure rates were observed in groups I and II treated with antibiotics when compared with day 5 post-treatment values. No side effects of drug administration were observed in any of the groups of treated cows. Key words: Bovine, mastitis, staphylococcus, homeopathy International Journal of Cow Science, 2(1): 45-48 RESEARCH ARTICLE Immunomodulatory effects of cow urine on dimethoate induced immunotoxicity in avian lymphocytes SONU AMBWANI1, TANUJ AMBWANI1, LOKESH SINGHAL2, RS CHAUHAN2 GB Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttaranchal, INDIA ABSTRACT Medicinal role of the cow urine has been known since ancient times in India. It has been used to treat various diseases/disorders related to stomach, kidney, skin etc. It is also reported to have anti-cancer and immunomodulatory properties. Considering the immunosuressive effects of pesticides and immunopotentiating properties of cow urine, the present study evaluated the immunomodulatory properties of cow urine on dimethoate induced immunotoxicity in avian lymphocytes using lymphocyte proliferation assay. Avian lymphocytes showed marked decrease when treated with thousand times dilution of No Observable Effect Level (NOEL/103) dose of dimethoate while significant increase was observed in cow urine treated cells in case of both B and T cell blastogenesis. When exposed to combination treatments of NOEL/103 dose of dimethoate and the cow urine, there was a significant increase in both B and T cell blastogenesis as compared with the dimethoate treated cells. Key Words: Dimethoate; immunotoxicity; humoral immunity; cell mediated immunity; cow urine; immunomodulation; avian lymphocytes. International Journal of Cow Science, 2(1): 49-51 RESEARCH ARTICLE DISPOSITION KINETICS OF CEFEPIME FOLLOWING SINGLE DOSE INTRAMUSCULAR ADMINISTRATION IN CALVES UD PATEL, KZ PATANI, SK BHAVSAR AND AM THAKER Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388001, Gujarat (INDIA) ABSTRACT Disposition kinetics of cefepime was studied after single dose intramuscular administration at the dose rate of 5 mg/kg body weight in cow calves. Following intramuscular administration, the peak plasma drug concentration was 8.16±0.36 mg/ml achieved at 1.0 h and drug was detected up to 18 h. The therapeutically effective concentration of cefepime (³1.0 mg/ml) was maintained in serum of calves up to 12 h. The drug was rapidly absorbed from the site of injection (t1/2ka: 0.21±0.03 h), widely distributed [Vd (area); 0.99±0.08 L/kg] and slowly eliminated from the body (t1/2b:6.71±0.42 h). The bioavailability of cefepime was 98±3 per cent. Results of present study favour the use of cefepime for the treatment of various bacterial diseases in calves, where conventional antibiotics fail. Key words: Disposition kinetics, cefepime, intramuscular, calves International Journal of Cow Science, 2(1): 52-53 RESEARCH ARTICLE INVESTIGATION ON BOVINE MASTITIS CAUSED BY STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS BC PARMAR1, M PAL2, AJ DHAMI1 and JM PATEL1 Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388 001 (India) ABSTRACT A study on clinical and subclinical mastitis was conducted for a period of five months in crossbred dairy cows to reveal prevalence of S. aureus. Among the 29 milk samples from the clinical mastitis cases, 37.93 per cent (11/29) had S. aureus, whereas from 78 subclinical mastitis (apparently healthy) cases, 3.85 per cent (3/78) revealed the presence of S. aureus as pathogen. The prevalence of Proteus and Candida was also detected in some of the healthy and affected quarters. The in vitro antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that tetracycline was the most effective (78.57 %) antibiotic against S. aureus in clinical and subclinical cases of mastitis. Thus S. aureus appeared to be the major cause of clinical mastitis in crossbred cattle and the drug of choice in these cases could be tetracycline. Key words: Bovine, Drug sensitivity, Mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus. International Journal of Cow Science, 2(1): 54-55 SHORT COMMUNICATION CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN SACCO NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY OF SOME TREE LEAVES HIMANSHU PANDEY, VIR SINGH, PRASOON CHAND SAXENA, RIPUSUDAN KUMAR AND PN Chaterjee GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttaranchal) India, ABSTRACT Tree foliage/ leaves can be good fodder sources for feeding ruminant animals in the Terai and the foothill zones of the Central Himalayas. Tree leaves can play an important role in mitigating the shortage of protein in the diet of ruminant animals. Many tree leaves like Bhimal (Grewia optiva) Kharik (Celtis australis) Timla (Ficus glomerata), Kachnar (Bauhinia spp.), etc. are extensively used in the feeding of ruminant animals in the Hills. The data on the nutritive value and digestibility of nutrients presented here gives a broad idea of the nutrient supplies being met to dairy animals in the study areas. Key words: Central Himalayas, Grewia optiva, Celtis australis, Ficus, Bauhinia, Nutrient digestibility. International Journal of Cow Science, 2(1): 56-58 SHORT COMMUNICATION COMPARISON OF DAS-ELISA WITH OTHER CONVENTIONAL TESTS FOR DIAGNOSIS OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS IN COWS Arun Kumar Jain1, Parveen Goel1, Anshu Sharma2, Ravindra Sharma3 and Ashok Kumar1 CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004 (HARYANA) ABSTRACT Double Antibodies Sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA) was compared with other conventional test for the diagnosis of staphylococcal mastitis taking cultural examination as standard test. Milk samples from 279 functional quarters from 72 apparently healthy cows were screened. Out of 105 staphylococci positive quarter milk samples 60.95%, 40.95%, 56.19%, 66.67%, 74.29% and 34.29% quarter milk samples were found true positive by California mastitis test (CMT), Electrical conductivity (EC), NAGase activity in milk, somatic cell count (SCC), DAS-ELISA (S. aureus) and DAS-ELISA (S. epidermidis), respectively. DAS-ELISA specific for S. aureus was found to be the most sensitive (74.29%) showing highest predictive value of negative test (83.54%) followed by SCC, CMT, NAGase activity, EC and DAS-ELISA (S. epidermidis). DAS-ELISA specific for S. epidermidis was found highly specific (100%) and showed highest predictive value of positive test (100%). Whereas, the specificity of other test was followed as EC, CMT, SCC, DAS-ELISA (S. aureus) and NAGase test. The predictive value of positive test was followed by CMT, SCC, EC, DAS-ELISA (S. aureus) and NAGase test. From the study, it can be concluded that DAS-ELISA for the screening of herd for staphylococcal mastitis can be used in adjunct to cultural examination and large herd can be screened in a very short period of time. Key Words: Sub-clinical mastitis, Cows, DAS-ELISA, Staphylococci International Journal of Cow Science, 2(1): 59-60 SHORT COMMUNICATION DIGESTIBILTIY OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF TOTAL MIXED RATION ON THE GROWING CROSSBRED HEIFERS PRASOON CHAND SAXENA, SS CHAUHAN, HIMANSHU PANDEY, RIPUSUDAN KUMAR AND ASHOK KUMAR GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttaranchal) INDIA ABSTRACT A digestibility trial was conducted on three types of experimental Total Mixed Rations on the 18 growing cross-bred heifers. These heifers were divided into three group of six each on the basis of their body weight. These TMRs were formulated maintaining roughage, concentrate ratio also 60:40. The different of TMR used were sorghum, wheat bhusa, maize grain, DORB, Rice polish, MOC, DOMC, Malt sprout, Molasses, Urea, Calcite powder, Common salt and Mineral mixture. The CP content of these mixtures was maintained as 11.81 in TMR-I, 10.97 in TMR-II and 11.22 in TMR-III. Similarly energy level also maintained is also equal in the entire three rations. The digestibility trial was conducted after the feeding of the Total Mixed Ration 30 days. Results revealed at the end of the experiment T1 showed the higher value of digestibility then the treatment T2 and T3. The digestibility coefficient of OM, CP, NFE, NDF, hemicellulose and GE were not statistically different in the treatment I and II. Key words: Mixed ration, Heifers, Digestibility. International Journal of Cow Science, 2(1): 61-70 GENERAL ARTICLE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES AND THEIR CONTROL THROUGH COWPATHY R S Chauhan and Lokesh Singhal Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar243 122, UP, INDIA
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